Report on The Killer Angels Essay Example For Students

Report on The Killer Angels Essay Report on The Killer AngelsReport on The Killer Angels by Michael ShaaraWhen a writer composes a book he has a message that he is attempting to getacross to the peruser. This message is known as a subject. In The Killer AngelsShaaras subject was opportunity for the slaves. The Northerners genuinely accepted thatthe slaves had the right to be free, and their craving to set slaves free was the reason ofthe Civil War. Not long before the Battle of Gettysburg, Colonel LawrenceChamberlain of the twentieth Maine gave a discourse to a gathering of rebels. He toldthem that the war wherein they were battling was not normal for any war ever. Thewar in which they were battling was not for cash, property or force. It was awar to set other men free.After the fight started, Sergeant Tom Chamberlainasked a gathering of detainees why they were battling. They furnished no response, butasked him a similar inquiry. Sergeant Chamberlain replied, To free theslaves, obviously. The South, nonetheless, was against liberating the slaves. The entireCivil War, regardless of whether the individuals were possibly in support of the thought, was about opportunity. The Killer Angels was useful, extremely entrancing and I preferred it. I likedthe book since I took in numerous things from it. Id never pondered theimportance of the Battle of Gettysburg until I read The Killer Angels. From thisbook I learned numerous things. I discovered that the Battle of Gettysburg was the turningpoint of the Civil War. Before Gettysburg, the South had won most significant fights. At Gettysburg, be that as it may, the North picked up its first significant triumph. From that point on,the North kept on picking up force, winning for all intents and purposes each fight for thefollowing two years of the war. The Battle of Gettysburg depleted both armies;greatly diminishing their stores of ammo and officers. The North had morethan twice the same number of men as the South, and since the North was industrialized, theycould recharge their provisions of men and ammo decently fast. The South,however, couldn't recharge their provisions rapidly as a result of the need ofindu strialization and labor. The provisions lost in the Battle of Gettysburgultimately lost the war for the South. I likewise discovered that Confederate General Robert E. Lee was not a goodmilitary strategist. Obviously, he felt that, as in the majority of the past battles,the Confederate armed force could win this one with a progression of charges. On the secondday of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee arranged the primary charge. In this charge,Confederate troops would make a tough assault trying to take an edge fromthe Federal armed force. With a tough bit of leeway, the Federal soldiers drove theConfederate armed force into retreat. On the third day of fight, Lee arranged a chargethat would take his military across in excess of a mile of open field. On the other sideof the field, be that as it may, Federal soldiers discharged a consistent assault ofartillery as the Confederate soldiers advanced over. The Federal armywiped out the vast majority of the Confederate soldiers before they were most of the way across thefield. When the rest of the Confederates arrived at the Federal armed force theirnum bers were so little the Federal armed force experienced no difficulty vanquishing them. A goodcommanding general would have seen that the two charges were miserable. In bothcases the Federal soldiers had invigorated vantage focuses, while the Confederate armyhad no adequate security. Had Lee seen this, he would not have requested thecharges. Rather, he was excessively sure of the capacity of his military and hisoverconfidence drove him to defeat.Before I read The Killer Angels I realized that the Civil War brought manyfriends to battle against loved ones to battle against family. Until I read TheKiller Angels, I never understood this was genuine even in the higher positions. GeneralHancock of the Federal armed force and General Armistad of the Confederate wereextremely old buddies. Before the war they served together in California, butwhen they war started they went separate ways. All through the Battle of Gettysburg, bothgenerals were continually requesting consent to go under bann er of détente to theopposing armed force wanting to see the other. During the fight the two commanders werewounded, and they never got one more opportunity to see one another. General Armistadwas mortally injured, and in his withering words he requested that an ambassador send hisapologies to General Hancock that it needed to end the manner in which it did.

Market Entry Srategies Strong Market Base

Question: Talk about theMarket Entry Srategiesfor Strong Market Base. Answer: Presentation At the core of fruitful showcasing lies a thorough and effective market section technique that guarantees the firm of a solid market base. A market section methodology alludes to an all around arranged technique or system of conveying an organizations item to another objective market. In the advanced business field the method of showcasing and the angle business to business promoting has gotten broadly adoptable. During the arranging stage, an organization must consider an assortment of elements before picking the suitable market passage methodology which incorporates yet not constrained to the expense of advertising, obstructions to section, and the degree of rivalry in the market. The variables that direct the market passage technique might be gathered into two general classes; that is outer and inner elements. While outer elements include advertise size, showcase development, government guidelines, the degree of rivalry and physical foundation; interior variables, then again, enve lops the destinations of the organization, accessibility of organization assets, the degree of rivalry, and the companys adaptability. Albeit two organizations may have comparative factors, the may pick totally unique market section methodologies. The article targets considering how various models and showcasing ideas in business to business advertising impacts the decision of the market passage techniques. To address this the paper utilizes the contextual analysis of market infiltration methodology in Egypt by the G4S - Cash360 Different models exist to clarify the business conduct and how it influences the decision of the market section methodology. Among the models incorporates the sheth model (1973), the model of Webster and Wind (1972), and the model of Robinson, Faris, and Wind (1972). Howard-Sheth model is seemingly one of the most important models in showcasing that serves to mirror the buyer conduct in the market (Robertson, 2013, p. 38). This were the models which were received by the gathering during the workshop. The model targets clarifying how organizations pick items in the circumstance of fragmented data gave by another business. As indicated by the model, the business express levelheadedness during the underlying buy stage and other rehashed buys. Be that as it may, the rehashed buy is because of the motivators whose source may be in the earth (Input factors). Hyun and Jin (2012, p. 127) contends that the info factors alludes to the improvements which emerge from the market section methodology of the firm combined with other related showcasing exercises. Among the three principle boosts (emblematic impetuses, huge motivating forces, and social upgrades), critical motivators seemingly have the most effect on the decision of the market section procedure. It alludes to the physical traits of the item, for example, quality and cost. In the light of this thought, the gathering found that the best market passage system for G4S-Cash360 for instance would be an estimating methodology (Gross, 2013, p. 168). Evaluating methodology would serve to guarantee a low yet forceful technique while simultaneously keeping up a decent amount of included worth. The premise of such included worth is the worth including rule just as balanced for relationship combined with motivating forces for showcase bond arrangement. Firmly identified with the Howard-Sheth model are the Webster and Wind Model which contends that four primary components impact organizations purchasing choice and accordingly directing the decision of the market section technique. As per Lymbersky (2008, p. 193), the elements include singular components, authoritative elements, purchasing focus, and natural elements. Progressively critical to the reason for this exposition is the impact of purchasing focuses and hierarchical factors on the decision of the promoting system. Hierarchical elements incorporate factors, for example, destinations, buying arrangements, and authoritative structure of the firm (Wu, 2006, p.101). It is these factors that serve to impact the working just as the sythesis of the purchasing habitats in this manner directing the market section methodology for the advertising firm. All things considered, the business advertising its items and administrations to another organization must examination the conduct of the objective business and all the related elements that influence its buy conduct before choosing the best market section methodology. For instance, natural factors, for example, great framework, for example, streets would bolster a forceful special technique and a wide inclusion for the Egypt showcase for the G4S-cash360. In any case knows at the Robinson, Faris, and Wind model, the purchase lattice model, identifies with the purchasing procedures of both the customer and the organizations. The advertising specialists (Robi nson, wind, and Faris) contend that purchasing choice isn't as a solitary occasion process, however include multi-stage dynamic (Helen et al., 2005, p. 228). The model contains a grid of purchase stages just as purchase classes which are new undertakings, adjusted rebuy, and straight rebuy. In the new assignment purchase class, the business looks for a great deal of data to break down the elective buying alternatives. In this stage, hazard fills in as the fundamental factor affecting the measure of data required. For instance, when an advertiser presents another item in the market for another business, the advertiser must locate a wide assortment of data on the item. Also, the gathering applied the comparative model on how G4S Cash360 can enter in the Egypt advertise. All things considered, Park and Lee (2009, p.64) contends that the suitable market section technique is a forceful limited time methodology that serves to advise the potential shoppers regarding the accessibility of the item, its utilization, and its advantages over different items among different elements. For example, on account of G4S-Cash360, an immediate market methodology with forceful advancement would be the best market passage system. End Various elements, the primary one being the shopper conduct, directs the decision of the market passage system for a firm. All things considered, the firm should give close consideration to the diverse buyer practices among different contemplations before choosing a market passage technique. It is outstanding that it is the showcasing methodology that opens up the market for the companys item; along these lines, should the underlying decision of the section procedure not be right, the whole advertising technique would encounter a few difficulties. In this way, the advertisers should concentrate on embracing different and distinctive showcasing passage models according to their association items and administrations. This will guarantee that the organization items and administrations increase simple entrance and immersion. References Net, J., 2013. Market Entry Strategies for Saturated Markets: Challenges for the Consumer. Smile Verlag Helen, W.B., Sue, E., and Elliot, 2005. Extraordinary Issue: Towards a Theory of Shopping, Journal of purchaser conduct (4): 221-303 Hulen, B., 2015. Tangible Marketing: Theoretical and Empirical grounds. Routledge Hyun, H. L. what's more, Jin, Y., 2012. Purchaser view of online shopper item and administration Reviews, Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 6 (2): 110-132. Lymbersky, C., 2008. Market Entry Strategies: Text, Cases and Readings in Market Entry Management. Christoph Lymbersky Park, C. what's more, Lee, T.M., 2009. Data bearing, Website notoriety and eWOM impact: a Moderating job of item type, Journal of Business Research, 62 (1): 61-67. Robertson, T.S., 2013. A Critical Examination of Adoption Process Models of Consumer Behavior. Promoting Classic Press Wu, S-I., 2006. The effect of feeling, judgment and disposition on buy aim as on the web Promoting execution measure, Journal of International Marketing and Marketing Research, 31 (2): 89-108.

Friday morning potpourri in lab

Friday morning potpourri in lab I have a couple of unrelated things to relate today, so Ill put headings in bold and you can skip around as you see fit. On reward as a motivation. So by way of introduction, it is 9:50 AM on a Friday morning. I have no classes on Fridays (except for a 7.28 recitation to which I have never gone), so you might wonder why on earth I am awake and not curled up in my cozy bed. (Im wondering that a little myself.) I am, somewhat involuntarily, in lab, finishing up a Western blot. I swear, my cells call the shots around this joint. The sort of puzzling thing is that nothing that Ive done this year really matters for my next steps graduate schools dont ask for mid-year reports or expect that youll keep your grades up after acceptance, so I could literally have gotten/get straight Ds all year and still happily gone off to graduate school in the fall. At this point, my project may or may not be done by the time I leave for grad school, so working really hard on it between now and the end of summer isnt necessarily going to net me any publications. And yet Im getting A-/B+s in all my academic classes and working 20+ hours a week in lab. Its nice to know I dont do it for the tangible rewards. :) MITs campus and being happy to be alive. Ali Yahya on CC was asking about the MIT campus, and it made me think of my favorite places on campus to sit and take deep breaths and enjoy being alive. (You have to have those places anywhere you are, or youll go crazy, I think.) People are very concerned about the aesthetics of various college campuses, something I dont necessarily understand I mean, really, how superficial is that? I think what matters more is the number of places you can really enjoy, regardless of the overall look of campus as a whole. People really denigrate the MIT campus, which I think is a little odd since there are so many great things about campus that youd overlook if you were obsessed with all the buildings being the same style or something. Campus tends to feel very home-y and lived-in, maybe because it is somewhat small and there are main thoroughfares like the Infinite Corridor which most people travel during the course of a day. There are a lot of benches in most of the main hallways, and people sit and talk on them and drape themselves over them and sometimes nap on them. I think its a very friendly campus, and I enjoy running into people I know every time I walk through the halls. My favorite places on campus 1. The 24-hour reading room in Hayden Library. There are cushy chairs and lots of quiet. I like to take naps there. The rest of Hayden (the major campus library) is also good for sitting and taking deep breaths and reading. Plus Hayden has a huge collection of science journals! Whats not to love? 2. Overlooking lobby 7 from the second or third floor. Theres this cute little bench where I like to sit, or sometimes I just like to lean over the balcony and watch people. Lobby 7 is very grand and open and dome-y, and I get a little swell of pride reading the inscription around the dome Established for Advancement and Development of Science its Application to Industry the Arts Agriculture and Commerce sort of makes me feel like a nice little stone in the giant edifice that is MIT science. 3. The new Brain and Cognitive Sciences building. I like to sit on my labs balcony overlooking the atrium and take in the blue sky through the skylight. (I did this yesterday for almost an hour, just sitting and enjoying the sun.) 4. The roof of the Student Center. (Not that Ive ever, ahem, been there. Just using my imagination.) Im sure the roof of the Green Building is even more spectacular. 5. Killian Court. Especially on sunny days, you can sit and look at the elegant columns and enjoy the sunshine and watch the river. 6. (Not on campus, but close enough to go on a lunch break) Boston Common. I like to take the T into the city if I have a long lunch and watch the ducks on the duck pond. Adam. Adam posted a comment on his entry last night (even though I told him not to). In case you didnt see it, it said Mollie told me that Im supposed to answer all these comments/questions when I write my next entry. But, Im too impatient. Minh: Once I build my planes I fly them. Thats the fun part. But I seem to get into a build, fly, crash, repeat cycle. So Im always building something new. Rosen: Most of my airplanes are built from kits, but with heavy modification. The blade runner was a toy helicopter I picked up at the Discovery Channel store, then modified it (alot). The small blue plane was my own design, and uses electronics out of another cheap rc toy. I reorganized my public folder and put all my airplane movies here. I will personally apologize for the quality of the airplane movies, since I am the one filming them and a) I am not a particularly good cameraperson and b) my camera is not a particularly good camera. Minh asked Adam if MIT students really make enough to pay off the MIT self-help portion of financial aid (currently $5500 but possibly changing). It really depends on how much you work. If you are funded through the UROP office and work both terms of a year plus the summer, you make $6775 in a year. If youre funded through your UROP supervisor, you can make significantly more I cleared about $10000 last year. If youre taking a private internship, you can make even more than that Adam gets paid twice what I do to work at Draper. You can always take out loans to meet self-help, as Dinyar noted, but if you work during the school year and the summer, making $5500 in a year shouldnt be a huge problem. Laura expressed surprise that Adam was using Explorer for his webpage. I hadnt noticed, and upon reading the comment I snarked at Adam. Im enough of a computer snob to use Firefox religiously (although not enough of one to not use Windows XP) Adam uses Firefox reluctantly, but swears that Dreamweaver works better with IE. *sigh* I will let Adam write an entry about his research soon although I dont know how much hell be able to say he is funded by the Department of Defense, after all! RD decisions. I want to wish everybody absolutely the best of luck. Ill be in Maine with Adam skiing this weekend, but I fully expect to come back to everybodys news through blog comments or through email.

Isotopes Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Isotopes [ahy-suh-tohps]  are atoms with the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons. In other words, the have different atomic weights. Isotopes are different forms of a single element. Key Takeaways: Isotopes Isotopes are samples of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their atoms.The number of protons for different isotopes of an element does not change.Not all isotopes are radioactive. Stable isotopes either never decay or else decay very slowly. Radioactive isotopes undergo decay.When an isotope decays, the starting material is the parent isotope. The resulting material is the daughter isotope. There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elements. There are over 800 radioactive isotopes, some of which are natural and some synthetic. Every element on the periodic table has multiple isotope forms. The chemical properties of isotopes of a single element tend to be nearly identical. The exception would be the isotopes of hydrogen  since the number of neutrons has such a significant effect on the size of the hydrogen nucleus. The physical properties of isotopes are different from each other since these properties often depend on mass. This difference may be used to separate isotopes of an element from each other by using fractional distillation and diffusion. With the exception of hydrogen, the most abundant isotopes of the natural elements have the same number of protons and neutrons. The most abundant form of hydrogen is protium, which has one proton and no neutrons. Isotope Notation There are a couple of common ways to indicate isotopes: List the mass number of an element after its name or element symbol. For example, an isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is carbon-12 or C-12. An isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is carbon-13 or C-16. Note the mass number of two isotopes may be the same, even though they are different elements. For example, you could have carbon-14 and nitrogen-14.The mass number may be given in the upper left side of an element symbol. (Technically the mass number and atomic number should be stacked in line with each other, but they dont always line up on a computer.) For example, the isotopes of hydrogen may be written:11H,  21H,  31H Isotope Examples Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). Carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope (radioisotope). Uranium-235 and uranium-238 occur naturally in the Earths crust. Both have long half-lives. Uranium-234 forms as a decay product. Related Words Isotope (noun), Isotopic (adjective), Isotopically (adverb), Isotopy (noun) Isotope Word Origin and History The term isotope was introduced by the British chemist Frederick Soddy in 1913, as recommended by Margaret Todd. The word means having the same place from the Greek words isos equal (iso-) topos place. Isotopes occupy the same place on the periodic table even though isotopes of an element have different atomic weights. Parent and Daughter Isotopes When radioisotopes undergo radioactive decay, the initial isotope may be different from the resulting isotope. The initial isotope is called the parent isotope, while the atoms produced by the reaction are called daughter isotopes. More than one type of daughter isotope may result. As an example, when  U-238 decays into Th-234, the uranium atom is the parent isotopes, while the thorium atom is the daughter isotope. A Note About Stable Radioactive Isotopes Most stable isotopes dont undergo radioactive decay, but a few do. If an isotope undergoes radioactive decay very, very slowly, it may be termed stable. An example is bismuth-209. Bismuth-209 is a stable radioactive isotope that undergoes alpha-decay, but has a half-life of 1.9 x 1019 years (which is more than a billion times longer than the estimated age of the universe). Tellurium-128 undergoes beta-decay with a half-life estimated to be 7.7 x 1024 years! Historical References Alexander Thomas Cameron,  Radiochemistry  (London, England: J. M. Dent Sons, 1910), p. 141. Soddy, Frederick. Intra-atomic charge. Nature 92, Springer Nature Publishing AG, 1913.. Strà ¶mholm, Daniel and Svedberg, Theodor (1909) Untersuchungen à ¼ber die Chemie der radioactiven Grundstoffe II. (Investigations into the chemistry of the radioactive elements, part 2),  Zeitschrift fà ¼r anorganischen Chemie,  63: 197–206. Thomson, J. J. (1912). XIX. Further experiments on positive rays.  Philosophical Magazine. Series 6.  24  (140): 209.

Hipaa Privacy Rule Breach Of Privacy - 1253 Words

HIPAA Privacy Rule: Breach of Privacy While HIPAA violation are sometimes unintentional, it should be taken seriously because it is a violation of patient privacy, it can cause a lifetime of embarrassment harm to one’s reputation, and individuals/entities can be fined and jailed for their offense. Regardless, if it is at work or home healthcare professionals should practice legal and ethical behaviors so that they can avoid HIPAA violation. As stated by Flite Harman (2013), â€Å"Too long a coffee break and too much irrelevant conversation take away the dignity of our work, as well as being dishonest†. Investigation When a HIPAA violation has taken place it is important that the person who discovers/discloses the unauthorized information immediately report to their supervisor so that they can contain the breach. The nurse in this case did not handle the case properly. There are four steps to follow through when PHI are accidentally disclosed: 1) contain the breach 2) pre-notify 3) notify 4) investigate and remedial action (Kwiatkowski, 2013). In this case, the nurse knew that she made a mistake by disclosing the young girl’s name and asked that her daughter not share the information with anybody else, but she failed to do so and the rumor quickly spread through four high schools. Therefore, the breach was not contained and further actions needed to take place. The nurse should have called her supervisor about the situation immediately so that an immediate investigation isShow MoreRelatedHipaa Violations Within The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesDuring this research, there has be en a collection of data that had been connected to the instances of HIPAA violations within the United States. There are various cases that have been reported through patients and employees where very personal medical information has been exposed unlawfully for personal gain. These cases have not only put a company at reputational risk. But these cases can also place a patient and or healthcare company in a terrible financial stipulation. This thesis will includeRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act836 Words   |  4 Pages In 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed. According to Judson, Harrison â€Å"Law Ethics for Medical Careers.† The purpose of HIPAA was to, â€Å" protect privacy and other health care rights for patients,† according to Judson, Harrison â€Å" Law Ethics for Medical Careers.† HIPAA does affect a patient s right to access his or her medical records, as well as determine who can see their information. 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Department Of Health And Human Services1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe significance of patient privacy and the security of confidential information are increasingly vital given the approval of electronic health records. Healthcare providers have recognized striking prices due to security threats and subsequent breaches. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2002), under the Privacy Rule healthcare establishments must establish protections that establish procedures and rules that guarantee least levels of privacy in relation to patient informationRead MoreHipaa Compliance Laws And The Iso 17799 Security Standard Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesTHE HIPAA COMPLIANCE LAWS AND THE ISO 17799 SECURITY STANDARD Unit VII – Research Paper Margarita Olguin ITC 4390 Columbia Southern University September 14, 2016 â€Æ' THE HIPAA COMPLIANCE LAWS AND THE ISO 17799 SECURITY STANDARD The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act came into existence in 1996. It is part of government legislation that was created to safeguard medical information and any health records related to an individual. Government gave providers a deadline

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points Free Essays

string(37) " Belgian case distinct and symbolic\." METHODOLOGY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS â€Å"WOODROW WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS† By: Astrid Leony Longdong / 043 2010 0004 Dwi Setiawati Endi / 043 2010 0009 Candice Hermawan / 043 2010 0011 Mella Melia / 043 2010 0016 Lecturer: Indra V. A. Krishnamurti, S. We will write a custom essay sample on Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sos, M. Asian St. Date/Day: Thursday, 27th September 2012 [pic] INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITAS PELITA HARAPAN KARAWACI 2012 WOODROW WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS 8th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, played a very dominant role in the end of World War I with his Fourteen Points, which also known as Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The Fourteen Points as set forth by Wilson can be seen as the following: 1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. The purpose is clearly to prohibit treaties, sections of treaties or understandings that are secret. It is proposed that in future every treaty be part of the public law of the world and that every nation assume a certain obligation in regard to its enforcement. Nations cannot assume obligations in matters of which they are ignorant; and therefore any secret treaty tends to undermine the solidity of the whole structure of international covenants which it is proposed to erect. 2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. It refers to navigation under the three following conditions: (1) general peace; (2) a general war, entered into by the League of Nations for the purpose of enforcing international covenants; (3) limited war, involving no breach of international covenants. Simply said, it is meant free navigation of all seas. 3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. The proposal means the destruction of all special commercial agreements, each putting the trade of every other nation in the League on the same basis, the most-favored-nation clause applying automatically to all members of the League of Nation. This is now what we known as free trade in which all economic barriers between countries will end. 4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest points consistent with domestic safety. â€Å"Domestic safety† clearly implies not only internal policing, but the protection of territory against invasion and the reduction of weapon numbers. . A free, open-minded and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty, the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined. The German colonies and any other colonies which may come under international consideration as a result of the war. The stipulation is that in the case of the German colonies the title is to be determined after the conclusion of the war by â€Å"impartial adjustment† based on certain principles. . The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their goodwill, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy. The problem of these nationalities is complicated by two facts: (1) that they have conflicting claims; (2) that the evacuation called for in the proposal may be followed by Bolshevist revolutions in all of them. Therefore the evacuating of the territory, if it resulted in class war, would very probably also take the form of a conflict of nationalities. It is clearly to the interests of a good settlement that the real nation in each territory should be consulted rather than the ruling and possessing class. 7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired. The only problem raised here is in the word â€Å"restored. † The restoration is to be in kind or how the amount of the indemnity is to be determined is a matter of detail, not of principle. Among the consequences may be put the war debt of Belgium. The recognition of this principle would constitute â€Å"the healing act† of which the President speaks. In short, Belgium should be independent as it was before the war. 8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all. As the world stood in 1914, war between France and Germany was not in itself a violation of international law, and great insistence should be put upon keeping the Belgian case distinct and symbolic. You read "Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points" in category "Essay examples" The status of Alsace-Lorraine was settled by the official statement. The best solution would seem to be a free choice by the [people of] Luxembourg themselves. 9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. A conflict with Greece appears through the Greek claim to northern Epirus, or what is now southern Albania. This would bring Greece closer to Valona than Italy desires. A second conflict with Greece occurs over the Aegean Islands of the Dodecanese, but it is understood that a solution favorable to Greece is being worked out. Italy’s claims in Turkey belong to the problem of the Turkish Empire. 10. The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development. The United States is clearly committed to the program of national unity and independence. It must stipulate, however, for the protection of national minorities, for freedom of access to the Adriatic and the Black Sea, and it supports a program aiming at a confederation of Southeastern Europe. 11. Rumania, [Serbia], and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into. This proposal is also altered by events. Serbia and Rumania wil have 11 or 12 inhabitants and will be far greater and stronger than Bulgaria. Balkan states should be allowed for self-determination and guarantees of independence. 12. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development; and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees. A general code of guarantees binding upon all mandataries in Asia Minor should be written into the Treaty of Peace. This should contain provisions for minorities and the â€Å"open door. † The trunk railroad lines should be internationalized. 13. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenants. The principle on which frontiers will be [delimited] is contained in the President’s word â€Å"indisputably. This may imply the taking of an impartial census before frontiers are marked. The chief problem is whether Poland is to obtain territory west of the Vistula, which would cut off the Germans of East Prussia from the empire, or whether Danzig can be made a free port and the Vistula internationalized. 14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of poli tical independence and territorial integrity to great and small [states] alike. The principle of a League of Nations as the primary essential of a permanent peace is the foundation of the whole diplomatic structure of a permanent peace in order to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states. Wilson’s Fourteen Points were well received by the public either home or abroad, but many foreign leaders, such as David Llyoid George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando were very skeptical about it[1]. Those who were skeptical doubted whether it could be effectively applied to the real world. Clearly, from his Fourteen Points alone, in which he issued as a basis for peace on January 1918, Woodrow Wilson was an idealist. Instead of his famous Fourteen Points, the League of Nations and the World War I Peace Treaty were the products of his idealism. Wilson’s idealism, however, was not merely an idealism. It was more to crusading idealism, where his idealistic nature was apparent through his beliefs as a Christian[2]. His idealistic vision, especially Fourteen Points, had motivated the world with the core lists of what we have widely known now as self-determintation of peoples, free trade, disarmament, open diplomacy. Wilson’s thoughts have been enlighted the world in long term, and for most of it, Wilson did not present a way to achieve his goals[3]. So, he basically just lead people through the door he created, but people themselves had to figure out the rest of their own. Wilson, like most of the idealists, is characterized by thinking and planning based upon the ideas that are fit for a perfect world, or at least how a world should be perfect in an imperfect world. The only thing with most of idealists, in this case Wilson, was that he got the right and brilliant ideas, but no body’s in his era got his forward-thinking as he was in different state of mind and vision. It is clear that Woodrow Wilson has imprinted a lasting legacy to the world that we now know. His idealism has brought the world into such a dramatic make over in a better and positive way. Though some of his ideas seemed to be failed, like League of Nations for example, but he gave the world of what we call as the very first ideas and inspirations. People learned from his mistakes and made some kind of innovation that was based upon his failures, like the United Nations which was based on the failed League of Nations. So, in conclusion, Woodrow Wilson is one of well-known idealists and the most influential as well. For the world that we now live in and enjoy, it would not be as it is now (with free trade, the United Nations, and the other legacies) if it weren’t because of him. BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"Woodrow Wilson-The Idealist Essay†. Free Essay Must Be Free! TM. Retrieved September 26, 2012 from http://essaymania. com/110139/woodrow-wilson-the-idealist Hickman, Kennedy. â€Å"World War I: The Fourteen Points†. About. com Military History. Retrieved September 26, 2012 from http://militaryhistory. about. com/od/worldwari/p/World-War-I-The-Fourteen-Poin ts. htm â€Å"Paper Analysis: Realist vs. Idealist† Essay001. blogspot. com Retrieved September 26, 2012 from http://essay001. blogspot. com/2007/11/realism-vs-idealism. html ———————– 1] Hickman, Kennedy. World War I: The Fourteen Points. Retrieved on September 26, 2012 from http://militaryhistory. about. com/od/worldwari/p/World-War-I-The-Fourteen-Points. htm [2] Essay Mania. com. Woodrow Wilson-The Idealist Essay. Retrieved on September 26, 2012 from http://essaymania. com/110139/woodrow-wilson-the-idealist [3] Essay001. blogspot. com. Paper Analysis: Realist vs. Idealist. Retrieved on September 26, 2012 from http://essay001. blogspot. com/2007/11/realism-vs-idealism. html How to cite Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points, Essay examples

Gross Domestic Product Economy

Question: Discuss about the Gross Domestic Product Economy. Answer: Introduction The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country is defined as the final monetary value of all the goods and services produced within the boundaries of the country in a given financial year. (Mankiw, 2006) The GDP of a closed economy is mainly composed of private consumption expenditures, private and public investments and government expenditures. (Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, 2010) However, when a country is expose to the global forum, that is, when a country is involved in international trade, the GDP along with the other components also includes the net exports. (Krugman, 2007) Exports which add to the national income of a country are added to the GDP whereas imports which represent an outflow of income are deducted from the national income, that is, the GDP. Hence, we consider the net exports in the GDP calculation. (Blanchard,2007 ) The GDP is an indicator of the economic growth and the standard of living of a country. (Case and Fair, 2006), (Blanchard, 2006) GDP is the most important measure in evaluating the economic performance of a country. The growth of GDP reflects the economic growth rate of a country. The GDP is hence an indicator of the economic progress of a country. As and when the GDP grows, the output in the economy expands. In financial terms, this implies an increase in the income of the people which is turn boosts both consumption and investment demand and the cycle continues. The economy develops gradually through this process. Once an economy is exposed to international trade, the aggregate demand receives a boost from the demand for exports. When a country can engage in trade, it can export the products in which it has comparative cost advantage and import the commodities that are relatively costlier to produce in the domestic economy. This process as a whole affects the GDP of the economy positively. It also provides prospects of economic growth and development. Per capita GDP on the other hand reflects the standard of living of a country. With increases in the GDP and with the population remaining constant, the per capita GDP increases. This implies an improved standard of living in the economy and an implicit increase in the overall welfare. The growth rate of GDP represents the economic growth rate of a country. Thus GDP is the true economic measure of the growth and partly the development of an economy. (Barro and Martin, 2006) The Australian economy is a mixed market economy and it is one of the largest in the world. Service sector is the most important industry in the economy contributing the maximum proportion of GDP. (Scutt, 2016) In addition to that, the mining and agricultural sectors being the export sectors of the economy largely influence economic growth. Before the Global Financial crisis, the growth was considerably around 3.4% in the Australian Economy. The international financial turmoil affected the economy and henceforth the economic growth or the GDP growth rate of Australia has remained approximate 2.5% over the past years. However, in 2012, Australia experienced a rapid rise in the economic growth to 3.5%. Higher terms of trade and rising demand for the export of raw materials over the years have played a major role in the dynamics of the Australian economy. The rising purchasing power of households has led to increased investments especially in the mining sector. However, manufacturing ou tput has been decreasing over the last few years. The main contributors to economic growth are the mining sectors and the services sector. (Mulligan, 2016) The current economic growth rate is 3.1%. Inflation is about 1% with the cash rate being around 1.5%. The unemployment rate is about 5.8%. (Scutt, 2016) The relative contribution of the sectors can be shown as follows: SECTOR CONTRIBUTION IN GDP (%) SERVICES 58 CONSTRUCTION 9 MINING 7 MANUFACTURING 7 RETAIL TRADE 5 GDP (Comparing Australia and China) China is a socialist market economy. It has recorded the fastest growth rate in the world of around 10% for over three decades. The major contributor in the national income is the public sector and the private sector has a very minimum role to play in the economy. (Vawani,2016) China is known for its manufacturing sector which is the largest in the world and accounts for the exports of the economy. (Magnier, 2016) To compare the GDP of Australia to that of China, the GDP figures, the growth rate of GDP and the per capita GDP is taken into consideration. The GDP (PPP, constant 2011 international $) of Australia and China from 2010 to 2014 is shown as follows: TABLE 1 (GDP) YEAR / COUNTRY AUSTRALIA CHINA 2010 911304031484 12613890833917 2011 932989069867 13810256092313 2012 966881953234 14880592037847 2013 990474347265 16023988452379 2014 1015234732343 17188685792266 The GDP of Australia and China can be compared with the following column diagram: CHART 1 As can be seen from Chart 1, there is a huge scale difference between the GDP of the two countries considered. While the GDP figure of China has ranged around 8 to 9 trillion USD over the years with a very prominent growing trend, the GDP of Australia is around 1.5 trillion USD. Thus Chinas GDP is almost 6 times that of Australia and this figure has been consistent over the period of five years considered. The following table represents the GDP growth rates (annual %) of Australia and China over 2010-2014: TABLE 2 (GDP GROWTH RATE, %) YEAR / COUNTRY AUSTRALIA CHINA 2010 2.0182 10.632 2011 2.3796 9.4845 2012 3.6327 7.7503 2013 2.44 7.6838 2014 2.4999 7.2685 Table 2 shows that while the growth rate of China has started from 10% and has reduced to 7% in the recent years, the growth rate of Australia has been almost four times less than that of China at around 2-3% over the years concerned. This is illustrated with the following line graph: CHART 2 As is evident from Chart 2, the growth rate of China has fallen in the time period concerned. However, in spite of that, the growth rate has been much more than that of Australia. The latter has registered a growing GDP from 2010 to 2012 after which it has slightly fallen to become constant in the recent years. This huge difference in the growth rates of the two countries is indicative of the difference in their respective economic progress controlling for other factors. Compared to China, Australia seems to be growing at a much slower pace. The following table represents the per capita GDP (PPP, constant 2011 international $) of Australia and Chine from 2010 to 2014: TABLE 3 (Per Capita Gdp) YEAR / COUNTRY AUSTRALIA CHINA 2010 41363.22 9429.501 2011 41763.12 10274.49 2012 42540.97 11016.99 2013 42845.49 11805.09 2014 43256.48 12599.18 As Table 3 shows, the per capita GDP of Australia is much more than that of China. This is represented in the following chart: CHART 3 As represented by the column diagram in Chart 3, the per capita GDP of China is much lower than that of Australia. Though the overall GDP of China records much higher figures, the per capita GDP reflects quite the opposite. The main reason behind this is the huge population of China compared to which the population of Australia is much less. Hence when the total GDP gets divided among the entire population, the resulting per capita GDP becomes much lower. The population of the two countries is shown in the following table: TABLE 4 (Population) YEAR / COUNTRY AUSTRALIA CHINA 2010 22031750 1337705000 2011 22340024 1344130000 2012 22728254 1350695000 2013 23117353 1357380000 2014 23470118 1364270000 The following column diagram compares the population of the two countries over the period concerned: CHART 4 As is evident from Chart 4, the population of China is way more than that of Australia. The difference is so huge that the columns for Australia are almost not visible in comparison to those of China. This is the reason why the per capita income in China is much less than that of Australia. Thus, even though the economic growth of China exceeds that of Australia by a huge margin, the per capita income is much less which is indicative of a much lower standard of living in China than in Australia in spite of the rapid economic development. However, in the recent years, the population in China has decreased due to various population control measures adopted by the Chinese government. That is why the per capita GDP has been increasing in the recent years. But it will take a considerable span of time to increase the per capita GDP in China because population control measures are the most effective in the very long run. (Lee, 2016) , (Walker, 2016) The growth rate of per capita GDP (annual %) in Australia and China is shown in the following table: Table 5 (Per Capita Gdp Growth Rate, %) YEAR / COUNTRY AUSTRALIA CHINA 2010 0.443578 10.09869 2011 0.966807 8.961165 2012 1.86253 7.226582 2013 0.715833 7.153475 2014 0.959239 6.726721 The growth rate of per capita GDP is shown in the following diagram: CHART 5 The growth rate of per capita GDP is much more in China, that is, it is almost 10 times as much as that in Australia. There may be different reasons for this behaviour of the per capita GDP. The GDP growth rate and the population growth rate in Australia have been consistent over the years. Hence the per capita GDP growth rate is not as much in Australia. However, for China, the GDP has been growing drastically, whereas the population growth rate has been controlled due to various measures adopted by the government. Thus, the per capita GDP growth rate registers high figures. From 2010 to 2012, the per capita GDP in China has been falling while that in Australia has been rising. After that, the per capita GDP in China has almost become constant while that of Australia has initially fallen and then become constant. (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip, 2014) Thus, the economic growth rate of China is much more than that of Australia. However, the standard of living, as measured by the per capita GDP is much less in China as compared to Australia. The cause of this divergence is the huge population of China. (Jun, 2013), (Scutt, 2016) Factors Affecting the GDP of Australia One of the main factors influencing the GDP growth rate in the Australian economy is the consistent employment generation that has taken place in the economy over the past few years. As new jobs are created, more and more people get employed. This in turn leads to the increase in output from the supply side. (Wilkie and McDonald, 2008) Again, when these people start earning or earning more than they were earning earlier, their consumption and investment demand increase. This boosts up the aggregate demand and hence augments economic growth from the demand side as well. The reduction in unemployment in the Australian economy is one such evidence in favour of the GDP growth being a result of job creation. On the flip side, when unemployment increases, the GDP growth slows down from both the supply side and the demand side of the economy. Thus employment or unemployment is a major factor affecting the GDP of Australia. (Mulligan, 2016) Commodity prices is another component of the GDP that influences the GDP to a great extent. Australia being an exporter of mining and agricultural products, faces international prices with respect to the same. As prices of these commodities fall in the international market, it negatively affects the export sector thereby hindering the GDP growth. On the other hand, demand for exports also rise when prices fall. So the ultimate effect on GDP is determined by the relative changes in prices and demand, that is, the price elasticity of demand. Over the past decade, Australia has experienced a steep increase in the terms of trade mainly due to increase in demand for iron ore and coking coal from China. (Scutt, 2016) Wage growth is also an important factor in determining the GDP. As wages grow, the GDP increases because of a demand side boost that increases the aggregate demand. However, rising wages also translate into rising prices and this may pull down demand. The end result again depends on the relative effects. (Mulligan, 2016) Investment is a primary determinant of GDP. The Australian economy mainly acquires investment in the mining sector. However, rising confidence in the non-mining sectors giving way to rising investment can uplift the economy to a great extent. Credit growth in the business sector of Australia has increased which is a positive sign for the economy. (Downes, Manslow and Tulip, 2014) Various fiscal and monetary policies adopted by the government of Australia influences the growth rate. Economic shocks have also a considerable role to play. However, the booming mining sector absorbs the business cycle shocks protecting the economy from vulnerability. An instance of this is the flexibility reflected by the Australian economy during the Global Financial Crisis because the shock was absorbed mostly by the mining sector. (Mulligan, 2016) Factors Affecting the GDP Of China After the market reforms of 1978, China moved from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy. Since then, it has experienced tremendous social as well as economic development. The average GDP growth rate is almost 10 percent per annum which is a remarkable number in itself. This growth has moreover been sustained by the Chinese economy over the years, which is the first of its kind in the history of the world. More than 800 million people have been driven out of the poverty as a consequence of this rapid progress. By 2015, China attained all the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It is currently the second largest economy in the world and contributes significantly to the global economy. China economy is a large exporter of cheap substitute electronics and other kinds of commodities like apparel, textiles, medical instruments and iron and steel in the world market. Trade is thus an important determinant of the GDP of China. (Peston, 2015) In a booming Chinese economy, foreign and domestic investment has been a major contributor to the growth of GDP. Labour abundance arising out of the huge population of China has contributed to the production of the many labour-intensive commodities that the economy produces for the domestic market as well as in the global markets. (Walker, 2015) Thus population growth which however has recently been checked is also an important contributor of the GDP. However, it is still a developing country with incomplete market reforms. Rapid growth and development have been accompanied by rising inequality, issues of environmental sustainability, urbanization and external imbalances. China is the largest manufacturing exporter on the global trade forum. (Assbring, 2012) The manufacturing sector plays a very important role in determining the GDP of the economy. However, China also imports various inputs like iron ore, etc. in huge volumes. The trade sector thus greatly affects the GDP. One major factor that has adverse as well as positive effects on the GDP of China is the population of the economy. (Schreurs, 2014) The reduction in the per capita income of the economy is a result of the huge population. This leads to a deterioration in the overall standard of living. The one-child policy that has lately been adopted by the Chinese government is a strategy towards reducing the population growth. (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 2014) Though the effectiveness of the policy will be delayed, in the future, this will lead to a considerable improvement in the GDP growth. Thus, the overall economic performance of the Chinese economy has been consistent and better over the years . (Vaswani, 2016) Conclusion Australia is an exporter of mining and agricultural commodities. On the international forum, the economy has experienced considerable export boom. International trade being a primary GDP component affects the GDP figures of the country. The mining industry of Australia is presumably the most efficient in the world and persistent growth in this sector contributes to the growing GDP of the economy. In addition to that, real estate investments in certain parts of the country have shown successful prospects over the past few years. Labour productivity is also an important factor that the country has an advantage over and which helps the GDP grow. Thus, Australia has been performing well over the past years except for occasional fluctuations in certain macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, the Chinese economy has progressed rapidly over the past few years because of the proper implementation of reforms and appropriate policies. The population growth has been considerably checked to support economic growth. Moreover, the country has made a remarkable progress in the international trade forum. It is a very important entity in the global trade framework contributing a major part of world exports. If China continues to grow at this rapid rate over the next years, it will soon surpass some of the major world economies in terms of growth and development. References Barro, R and Martin, X 2006, Economic Growth, Mit Press, USA. Blanchard, O 2007, Macroeconomics, Prentice Hall, USA. Blanchard, O 2006, Lectures on Macroeconomics, Mit Press, USA. Case, K and Fair, R 2006, Principles of Macroeconomics, Prentice Hall, USA. Dornbusch, R, Fischer, S and Startz, R 2010, Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill, USA. Krugman, P 2007, Macroeconomics, Worth Publishers, USA. Mankiw, N 2006, Macroeconomic, Wh Freeman, USA. Samuelson, P and Nordhaus, W 2014, Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill, USA. Schreurs, M 2014, 3 factors that will affect Chinas GDP growth rate this year, viewed 18 August 2016, https://globalriskinsights.com/2014/03/3-factors-that-will-affect-chinas-gdp-growth-rate-this-year/. 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Mulligan, M 2016, GDP: Australias economic growth accelerates in first quarter, viewed 18 August 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/gdp-growth-accelerates-in-first-quarter-20160531-gp8nna.html. www.theconversation.com 2015, Budget explainer: the forces influencing Australias economy, viewed 18 August 2016, https://theconversation.com/budget-explainer-the-forces-influencing-australias-economy-41161. Downes, P Hanslow, K and Tulip, P 2014, The Effect of the Mining Boom on the Australian Economy, viewed 19 August 2016, https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2014/pdf/rdp2014-08.pdf Wilkie, J and McDonald, T 2008, Economic geography and economic performance in Australia, viewed 19 August 2016, https://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/1421/HTML/docshell.asp?URL=01%20Economic%20geography%20and%20economic%20performance%20in%20Australia.htm.